形容词比较级和最高级的形式一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下构成法原级比较级最高级①一般单音节词末尾加er和eststrongstrongerstrongest②单音节词如果以搏笑e结尾,只加r和ststrangestrangerstrangest③闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加er和estsadbighotsadderbiggerhottersaddestbiggesthottest④少数以y,er(或ure),ow,ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加er和est(以y结尾的词,如y前是辅音字母,把y变成i,再加er和est,以e结尾的词仍只加r和st)angryclevernarrownobleangriercleverernarrowernoblerangrestcleverestnarrowestnoblest⑤其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和mostdifferentmoredifferentmostdifferent1)themosthigh〔a〕mountainin〔b〕theworldismounteverest,whichissituated〔c〕innepalandistwentyninethousandonehundredandfourtyonefeethigh〔d〕.2)thishouseisspaciouser〔a〕thanthat〔b〕white〔c〕oneiboughtinrapidcity,southdakota〔d〕lastyear.3)researchinthesocial〔a〕sciencesoftenprovesdifficulter〔b〕thansimilar〔c〕workinthephysical〔d〕sciences.二、形容词比较级或最高级的特殊形式:1.三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加more和most只能说morebeautiful而不能说beautifuller;只能说themostbeautiful而不能说beautifullest。但是,以形容前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,如unhappy,untidy,我们可以说:unhappier→unhappiest,untidier→untidiest2.由ing分词和ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级more(most)striking,more(most)interesting,more(most)wounded,more(most)worn等。4)thedrawings〔a〕oftheoldmasters〔b〕areamongthetreasuredest〔c〕worksinmuseums〔d〕.3.英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式absolutefatalmainrightuniversalchieffinalnakedsimulta-utterentireforemostperfectneousvitaleternalinevitablepossiblesufficientwholeexcellentinfiniteprimarysupremewooden三、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式goodwellbetterbestbadillworseworstmanymuchmoremostlittlefewlessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest5)africanelephantsarelarger,fiercer,anddifficulter〔a〕totame〔b〕than〔c〕asianelephants〔d〕.6)sarahhalebecame〔a〕oneofthefamousest〔b〕magazine〔c〕editorsintheunitedstatesduring〔d〕the1800’s.7)ofall〔a〕thenativeamericantribes〔b〕,theshawneeindianswere〔c〕amost〔d〕transient.四凯凳、基孙含例题解析1)a错。应将“mosthigh”改为highest。这是在考形容词比较级的构成形式。2)a错。改为morespacious。3)b错。改为moredifficult。4)c错。treasured在本句中是ed分词(动词treasure+ed)作形容词使用,是“宝贵的、珍贵的”意思,修饰名词works(作品),其最高级形式应用themosttreasured。5)a错,改为moredifficult。6)b错。改为“themostfamous”,因为famous(著名的)是双音节,其最高级变化应在前面加“themost”。7)d错。应改为“themost”,因为此处表示的是最高级,“themosttransient”意为“(延续时间)最短暂的”。第二节副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样一般副词hard→harder→hardestfast→faster→fastestlate→later→latestearly→earlier→earliest特殊副词well→better→bestmuch→more→mostbadly→worse→worstlittle→less→least但是,开放类副词即以后缀ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加er或est,如quickly→morequickly→mostquicklyquietly→morequietly→mostquietly〔注〕:early中的ly不是后缀,故可以把y变i再加er和est第三节形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法一、原级比较的基本用法1.原级比较由“as+形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)+as”构成“原级相同”比较句,表示两者比较;其否定式,即“程度不及”比较句型为“notso(as)+形容词或副词+as”,而且as…as结构前可用just,almost,nearly,quite等表示程度的词修饰1)walkingbrisklyforthirtyminuteswillburnasmanycaloriesas.〔a〕torunforfifteenminutes〔b〕runningforfifteenminutes〔c〕yourunforfifteenminutes〔d〕fifteenminutewalking2)thegorilla(大猩猩),while〔a〕notquiteascuriousthan〔b〕thechimpanzee(黑猩猩),showsmorepersistence〔c〕andmemoryretention(记忆力)insolving〔d〕aproblem.3)alaskaistwice〔a〕aslarger〔b〕as〔c〕thenextlargest〔d〕state,texas.2.“as(so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较,这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词,但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语,应当用so而不用as4)thomasjefferson’sachievementsasanarchitectrivalhiscontributionsapolitician.〔a〕such〔b〕more〔c〕as〔d〕than5)ishouldsayhenryisnotmuchawriterasareporter.(88年考题)〔a〕that〔b〕so〔c〕this〔d〕as二、比较级1.比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…,”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加…”。连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、ing结构和ed结构,有时也可省去than。6)naturalmica(云母)of〔a〕asuperior〔b〕qualityischeapest〔c〕toobtainthansynthetic〔d〕mica.7)sheisolderthan.〔a〕anyothergirlinthegroup〔b〕anygirlinthegroup〔c〕allgirlsinthegroup〔d〕youandmeaswellasthegroup8)josephinemccrackinjoined〔a〕the“santacruzsentinel”in1905and,untilherdeathfifteenyearslate〔b〕,remained〔c〕activeinjournalistic〔d〕work.2.注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致9)thepurposeoftheresearchhadamoreimportantmeaningforthemthan.〔a〕ours〔b〕withus〔c〕foroursithad〔d〕itdidforus10)soundtravelsair.〔a〕fasterthroughwaterthanthrough〔b〕fasterthanthroughwaterand〔c〕throughwaterfasterand〔d〕whereitisfasterthroughwaterthanthrough11)gerbrandvondenfeckhout,oneofrembrand’spupils,followed〔a〕thestyleofhisteachersoimplicitlythat〔b〕hispaintings〔c〕aresometimesconfusedwithhismaster〔d〕.三、最高级1.最高级用于三者以上比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”(如all,ofall,ofthetree,intheworld,thathasevertakenplace等)12)themore〔a〕fearsomeofallthe〔b〕animalsin〔c〕thewestern〔d〕hemisphereisthegrizzlybear.13)ofalleconomic〔a〕problems,inflationcontinuestobe〔b〕a〔c〕mostsignificantinitsdailyimpacton〔d〕peopleandbusiness.14),themostfamiliartogeneralpublicisthecriminaljurisdiction.〔a〕alltheactivities〔b〕theactivities〔c〕ofalltheactivities〔d〕itistheactivities2.副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the四、例题解析1)b为正确答案。2)b错。改为as,和前面的as和形容词原形curious一起构成同程度比较。3)b错。改为aslarge。4)c对。动词rival(胜过、匹敌)前后是两个相比较的成分achievements(成果)和contributions(贡献),由于前面的名词后出现了短语asanarchitect,故空白处也应用as,使前后对比成分一致。5)b为正确答案。6)c错。应改为比较级cheaper。比较级后并不一定跟接连词than,有时在其间有名词或名词短语(被形容词所修饰),介词短语,不定式或其他成分隔开。7)a为正确答案。“she”作为单个不能跟全组比(c和d不对),也不能跟全组所有相比,因为“她”也是其中一员,自然“她”不能跟自己相比。这里“she”比较的是“这组中的任何一个”,所以a对。8)b错。应改为比较级later,因此处实为与1905年相比晚15年,故应使用比较级。9)d为正确答案。10)a为正确答案。11)d错。改为hismaster’s。12)a错。改为most。13)c错。改为the,significant是多音节形容词,在此处应用最高级形式(在前面加themost),注意句中的“ofall…”。14)c为正确答案。本句空白处缺状语,a和b全为名词短语,不符合条件;d为句子,和空白后面的句子没有任何联系,故亦应排除。只有c正确,和后面的最高级themostfamiliar前后呼应。第四节形容词和副词的特殊表达法一、形容词与副词的同级比较:由“as(so)…as”引出,其否定式为“notso…”或“notas…as”,考生还应注意下列含有“as”结构或短语的句子1.assuch:表示上文所指明的事或人heisachild,andmustbetreatedassuch.他是个孩子,必须被当作孩子对待。2.asmuch:表示“与…同量”takeasmuchasyoulike.拿多少都行。iwouldgladlyhavepaidtwiceasmuchforit.就是价格再贵一倍,我也会愿意把它买下的。heasmuchasadmittedthewholestory.他几乎全部承认了。3.asmany:表示“与…一样多”ifoundsixmistakesinasmanylines.我在六行中发现了六个错。二、表示“几倍于”的比较级:用twice(两倍),fourtimes(四倍),tentimes(十倍)加上as…as结构thisoneisfourtimesasbigasthatone.这个是那个的四倍大。(这个比那个大三倍。)/ourcampusisthreetimesaslargeasyours.我们的校园比你们的大两倍。/hehasbookstwiceasmanyasshedoes.他的书比她多一倍。1)thefiveyeardealobligates〔a〕thecountrytobuyninemilliontons〔b〕ofgrainayear〔c〕,threemillionmoreas〔d〕theoldpact’sminimum.三、“thesame+名词+as”表示同等比较2)thelensofacameraperformsthelensoftheeye.〔a〕inthesamefunction〔b〕thesamefunctionas〔c〕thefunctionisthesameas〔d〕andhasthesamefunction3)theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhaveastheamountofmoneyborrowed.〔a〕asthesamevalue〔b〕thesamevalue〔c〕valueasthesame〔d〕thevalueisthesame四、比较级前可用alittle,abit,slightly,agreatdeal,alot,many,much等词语表示不定量,far,completely,still表示程度或更进一步4)therearenowmethodsforstudyingcolorvisionininfantsthanthereoncewere.〔a〕moresophisticatedthan〔b〕muchmoresophisticated〔c〕muchsophisticated〔d〕sophisticated5)thephotographsofmarstakenbysatellitearethanthosetakenfromtheearth.〔a〕clearest〔b〕theclearest〔c〕muchclearer〔d〕moreclearer6)commonporpoises(海豚)areusuallynotconsidered〔a〕migratory,although〔b〕somedomove〔c〕tomorewarmer〔d〕watersinwinter.
标签:比较级,英语,方便